STZ诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型的建立

目的建立糖尿病大鼠动物模型,探讨其肾脏损害规律。方法用STZ65mg/kg一次性腹腔内注射方式制作糖尿病大鼠模型,设立空白对照组,饲养14周,期间观察大鼠血糖、尿糖及一般情况变化,实验结束时测定血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白排泄率,取肾作病理及超微病理检查。结果模型组大鼠出现血肌酐、尿素氮、尿蛋白、尿白蛋白明显升高,出现肾脏肥大,病理显示明显的肾小球、肾小管病变。结论STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠肾脏表现肾小球及小管间质损害,可以用作糖尿病肾病研究的动物模型。     

糖皮质激素联合利妥昔单抗对特发性膜性肾病患者血脂、Th17/Treg失衡和血清PLA2R抗体、THSD7A抗体的影响

摘要 目的：探讨糖皮质激素联合利妥昔单抗对特发性膜性肾病（IMN）患者血脂、辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）失衡和血清抗磷脂酶A2受体（PLA2R）抗体、抗I型血小板反应蛋白7A域（THSD7A）抗体的影响。方法：收集空军军医大学唐都医院2022年3月~2023年3月期间收治的IMN患者112例。根据随机数字表法将入组患者分为对照组（56例,糖皮质激素治疗）与治疗组（56例,对照组的基础上接受利妥昔单抗治疗）。观察两组疗效、血脂[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）]、肾功能[胱抑素C（CysC）、血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、24 h尿蛋白定量]、Th17/Treg相关指标[Th17细胞百分比、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、Treg细胞百分比、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]和血清PLA2R抗体、THSD7A抗体水平变化情况,并观察两组治疗安全性。结果：与对照组相比,治疗组的临床总有效率更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗组治疗6个月后TC、TG、LDL-C、CysC、Scr、BUN、24 h尿蛋白定量、Th17、IL-17、TNF-α、PLA2R抗体、THSD7A抗体更低,HDL-C、Treg、TGF-β1更高（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：糖皮质激素联合利妥昔单抗应用于IMN患者,可有效改善患者血脂、Th17/Treg失衡和血清PLA2R抗体、THSD7A抗体水平,且不增加不良反应发生率,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Antioxidant effect of carnosine treatment on renal oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the effects of an antioxidant, carnosine, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced renal injury in diabetic rats. We used four groups of eight rats: group 1, control; group 2, carnosine treated; group 3, untreated diabetic; group 4, carnosine treated diabetic. Kidneys were removed and processed, and sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and subjected to eNOS immunohistochemistry. Examination by light microscopy revealed degenerated glomeruli, thickened basement membrane and glycogen accumulation in the tubules of diabetic kidneys. Carnosine treatment prevented the renal morphological damage caused by diabetes. Moreover, administration of carnosine decreased somewhat the oxidative damage of diabetic nephropathy. Appropriate doses of carnosine might be a useful therapeutic option to reduce oxidative stress and associated renal injury in diabetes mellitus.     

淫羊藿总黄酮对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用

目的：研究淫羊藿总黄酮（TFE）对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的影响,并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠一次性尾静脉注射STZ（40 mg/kg）建立糖尿病模型。动物随机分成3组（n=10）：对照组、模型组和TFE组（100 mg/kg,i.g.）。12周后,处死大鼠。测定空腹血糖,肾脏脏器系数,血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）含量;测定肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量;Masson染色观察肾组织胶原纤维增生;免疫组化测定转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组比较,模型组肾脏脏器系数增大、肾功能下降、肾组织抗氧化能力降低;病理学可见肾小球、肾小管间质纤维化;同时TGF-β1蛋白表达水平上调。TFE组明显改善上述指标。结论：TFE对STZ致糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤有明显的改善作用,其作用机制可能与抗氧化作用和抑制TGF-β1蛋白表达有关。     

Polyomavirus BK-encoded microRNA suppresses autoregulation of viral replication

Polyomavirus BK (BKV) infection is an important cause of renal allograft failure. Viral microRNAs are known to play a crucial role in viral replication. This study investigated the expression of BKV-encoded microRNAs (miR-B1) in patients with polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) and their role in viral replication. Following BKV infection in renal proximal tubular cells, the 3p and 5p miR-B1 levels were significantly increased. Cells transfected with the vector containing the miR-B1 precursor (the miR-B1 vector) showed a significant increase in expression of 3p and 5p miR-B1 and decrease in luciferase activity of a reporter containing the 3p and 5p miR-B1 binding sites, compared to cells transfected with the miR-B1-mutated vector. Transfection of the miR-B1 expression vector or the 3p and 5p miR-B1 oligonucleotides inhibited expression of TAg. TAg-enhanced promoter activity and BKV replication were inhibited by miR-B1. In contrast, inhibition of miR-B1 expression by addition of miR-B1 antagomirs or silencing of Dicer upregulated the expression of TAg and VP1 proteins in BKV-infected cells. Importantly, patients with PVAN had significantly higher levels of 3p and 5p miR-B1 compared to renal transplant patients without PVAN. In conclusion, we demonstrated that (1) miR-B1 expression was upregulated during BKV infection and (2) miR-B1 suppressed TAg-mediated autoregulation of BKV replication. Use of miR-B1 can be evaluated as a potential treatment strategy against BKV infection.     

High glucose modifies transient receptor potential canonical type 6 channels via increased oxidative stress and syndecan-4 in human podocytes

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels type 6 play an important role in the function of human podocytes. Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by altered TRPC6 expression and functions of podocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that high glucose modifies TRPC6 channels via increased oxidative stress and syndecan-4 (SDC-4) in human podocytes.     

RhoA/rho kinase signaling reduces connexin43 expression in high glucose-treated glomerular mesangial cells with zonula occludens-1 involvement

RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling has been suggested to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN) pathogenesis. Altered expression of connexin43 (Cx43) has been found in kidneys of diabetic animals. Both of them have been found to regulate nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation in high glucose-treated glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RhoA/ROCK signaling and Cx43 in the DN pathogenesis. We found that upregulation of Cx43 expression inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by RhoA/ROCK signaling in GMCs. Inhibition of RhoA/ROCK signaling attenuated the high glucose-induced decrease in Cx43. F-actin accumulation and an enhanced interaction between zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Cx43 were observed in high glucose-treated GMCs. ZO-1 depletion or disruption of F-actin formation also inhibited the reduction in Cx43 protein levels induced by high glucose. In conclusion, activated RhoA/ROCK signaling induces Cx43 degradation in GMCs cultured in high glucose, depending on F-actin regulation. Increased F-actin induced by RhoA/ROCK signaling promotes the association between ZO-1 and Cx43, which possibly triggered Cx43 endocytosis, a mechanism of NF-κB activation in high glucose-treated GMCs.     

Therapeutic Effects of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy

Inflammation is an important pathophysiological mechanism in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tubular epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT), which can be induced by many cytokines, is an important event in DN. Oncostatin M (OSM), an inflammatory cytokine, can induce TEMT in vitro. The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are negative-feedback regulators of cytokine signaling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SOCS in DN. The results demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS ameliorated proteinuria, the expression of α-SMA and OSM in tubular epithelial cells, and interstitial extracellular matrix accumulation in the renal tissue of CD-1 mice. In addition, our previous studies indicated that OSM induced TEMT by activating the JAK/STAT pathway, which could be inhibited by SOCS. These results indicate that overexpression of SOCS has a therapeutic effect in DN.